<p><img alt="Which of the following are true of first-order logic? For each formula, provide a justification in the form of either a brief argument, or a counter-model." src="https://media.cheggcdn.com/media%2Fb76%2Fb76e2213-ec91-4888-b6db-8d4390680d1b%2Fphp2kyT2f.png" style="height:418px;width:1024px;" aria-describedby="d3f"/></p>Which