A cryptographic nonce is important for confirming that a partyis active and
fully participating in a protocol exchange. One reason attackerscan succeed
with many web-page attacks is that it is relatively easy to craftauthentic-looking
pages that spoof actual sites. Suggest a technique by which a usercan be assured
that a page is both live and authentic from a particular site. Thatis, design a
mark, data interchange, or some other device that shows theauthenticity of a
web page.
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