Question Description
How did the reform movements of the 19th century redefine the relationship between states and society? Did reform look the same in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Persia or was it different? Did people necessarily experience the reforms as the states themselves intended (in the Hatt-i Sharif, for example)?
1. Write an initial post (maximum 100 words) that makes a concise observation or point on the basis of one or more of the readings.
I need an answer to this question from these books specifically and only. you can choose one of them. just an answer to the question no
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