Selvi et al. (2012) conducted a study on university medicalstudents in Turkey to investigate whether and how sleep habits wereassociated with having nightmares. During the study, these studentswere engaged in lecture-based learning with no hospital duties. Allparticipants were given initial surveys, the results of which wereused to determine who among them had “early bird” sleep habits andwho “night owl” habits. Next, the students were given the Van DreamAnxiety Scale (VDAS) assessment, which involved questions regardingnightmare frequency and dream anxiety due to frightening dreamsduring the last 30 days. Here are the summary statistics onnightmare frequency by “early bird” and “night owl.”
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